The Ultimate Guide to Water Pressure: Understanding and Fixing Issues in Your Home

Water pressure is a crucial aspect of your home’s plumbing system, influencing everything from shower enjoyment to the efficient operation of appliances. In this guide, we’ll explore the common problems associated with low and high water pressure, how to diagnose these issues, and practical solutions for ensuring a consistent flow. 

What is Water Pressure? 

Water pressure refers to the force with which water flows through pipes in your home. It’s measured in pounds per square inch (psi), and an ideal residential water pressure typically ranges between 40 and 60 psi. 

How is My Home’s Water Pressure Measured? 

To check your water pressure, you can use a pressure gauge, which is available at most hardware stores. Simply attach the gauge to an outside tap or a washing machine tap, turn on the water, and read the measurement. 

Why is My Water Pressure Low? 

Several factors can contribute to low water pressure in your house. If you’ve noticed that your water pressure is weak or experiencing a sudden drop, consider the following: 

Common Causes of Low Water Pressure 

1. Faulty Fixtures: Aerators and showerheads can accumulate sediment and mineral deposits, reducing flow. Cleaning or replacing them can improve pressure. 
2. Water Valve Problems: Check the main shut-off valve; if it’s partially closed, it can restrict water flow. 
3. Clogged Pipes: Over time, pipes can become clogged with sediment, leading to decreased water pressure in your house. 
4. Failing Pressure Regulator: If your home has a pressure regulator, it may be malfunctioning, causing poor water pressure. 
5. Corroded Plumbing: Old pipes can corrode over time, leading to blockages and reduced flow. 
6. Insufficient Mains Water Supply: Sometimes, the issue lies outside your home, such as low supply pressure from the mains.
   

Why Has My Water Pressure Dropped? 

If your water pressure has suddenly dropped, it may be due to maintenance work in your area or a burst pipe. You should also check for issues within your system, such as faulty fixtures or a failing pressure regulator.

How to Fix Low Water Pressure? 

Here are several steps to troubleshoot and potentially fix bad water pressure: 

1. Clean Aerators and Showerheads: Remove and clean aerators to eliminate build-up. 
2. Check the Main Valve: Ensure the main shut-off valve is fully open. 
3. Inspect for Leaks: Look for leaks in visible pipes; if you suspect hidden leaks, it may require professional help. 
4. Evaluate Pressure Regulator: If you have a pressure regulator, consider adjusting or replacing it if it’s faulty. 
5. Clear Clogged Pipes: Consider flushing your system or using pipe cleaners to clear any blockages.

How Do I Increase My Water Pressure in My Shower? 

If your shower has low water pressure, try these solutions: 

• Install a Shower Pump: A shower pump can boost the flow rate, especially if you have a gravity-fed system. 

• Switch to a Thermostatic Mixing Valve: If your shower experiences fluctuating temperatures, a thermostatic mixing valve may provide more stable pressure compared to a pressure-balancing mixing valve.

Why Does My Shower Go Hot and Cold? 

This fluctuation can occur due to pressure changes in your plumbing system or shared hot water systems where other appliances may be drawing water at the same time.

High Water Pressure: Issues and Solutions 

While low water pressure can be frustrating, high water pressure can also cause problems in your plumbing system. Symptoms of high water pressure include: 

• Banging or Rattling Pipes: This can occur when the water flow is too strong, creating vibrations in the pipes. 

• Running Toilets and Leaking Taps: Excessive pressure can lead to worn washers and seals, causing leaks.

Common Causes of High Water Pressure 

• Pressure Regulator Issues: If your pressure regulator is malfunctioning or non-existent, it could lead to excessively high pressure. 

• Water Supply Changes: Changes in municipal water supply can cause sudden increases in pressure.

Testing for High or Low Water Pressure in the House 

To determine whether your home suffers from high or low water pressure, use the pressure gauge mentioned earlier. If you find that your pressure readings are consistently above 60 psi, you may need to install or adjust a pressure regulator. Conversely, readings below 40 psi indicate low water pressure.

Water Pressure Changes Across the House 

You may notice that water pressure varies in different parts of your home. Common issues include: 

• Low Pressure Upstairs: This is often due to gravity and distance from the main supply line. 

• Slow Toilet Flushing: This can be caused by clogs or a failing valve.

Sudden Loss of Water Pressure in Shower Only 

If you experience a sudden loss of water pressure in your shower, consider: 

• Pressure Balancing Mixing Valve: Switch to a thermostatic mixing valve if the issue persists. 

• Bathroom Piping: Insufficient or restricted piping can cause pressure drops.

Other Causes and Faults 

1. Pressure Reducing Valve: If set too low or malfunctioning, it can significantly reduce pressure. 
2. Undersized Piping: Insufficient pipe diameter can restrict flow. 

Whether you’re facing low or high water pressure in your home, understanding the causes and solutions can help you maintain a functional plumbing system. Regular checks and maintenance can prevent issues before they escalate, ensuring your water pressure remains at optimal levels. If you continue to experience problems despite your best efforts, it may be time to consult a professional plumber for further assistance.

Ask Metro Plumb for a Professional Assessment 

Our skilled team of engineers is ready to assist with any issues you may have and to advise on the most suitable water pressure system for your property. 

We’re here to support you 24/7, all year round. Simply click here to find a professional plumber near you.